What is the main function of engineering controls within workplace safety?

The main function of engineering controls within workplace safety is to reduce exposure to hazardous materials. These controls are designed to physically change the workplace environment to minimize worker exposure to various hazards, such as chemicals, noise, and ergonomic risks. For instance, installing ventilation systems can help remove airborne contaminants, while machine guards can prevent accidental injuries.

By focusing on reducing exposure, engineering controls create a safer working environment without relying solely on personal protective equipment (PPE). While PPE is essential and often necessary, relying on it alone does not eliminate hazards—it merely minimizes risk to the individual using it. Engineering controls are ultimately a more effective and sustainable way to protect workers, as they address the source of the hazard rather than just providing a barrier. This principle aligns with the hierarchy of controls, which prioritizes hazard elimination and substitution before relying on administrative controls or PPE.